{"id":375,"date":"2026-06-11T06:19:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T06:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/?page_id=375"},"modified":"2026-06-16T07:28:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T07:28:52","slug":"failure-analysis-and-life-assessment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/failure-analysis-and-life-assessment\/","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u0131za Analizi ve \u00d6m\u00fcr De\u011ferlendirmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"375\" class=\"elementor elementor-375\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe12df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5fe12df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd16e59 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd16e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"text-4xl sm:text-5xl lg:text-6xl font-display font-medium tracking-tight text-white leading-tight\">Failure Analysis and <span class=\"text-amber-500 font-bold font-sans\" style=\"color: #fe9a00;\">Life Assessment<\/span><\/h1>\nRMS provides comprehensive failure analysis, root cause determination and remaining life assessment for critical components and materials. Our multidisciplinary approach combines advanced testing, metallurgical expertise and engineering evaluation to deliver actionable solutions.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7555e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7555e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"439\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failer_header_collage.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-927\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failer_header_collage.jpg 439w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failer_header_collage-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failer_header_collage-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6617e77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6617e77\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e7dead e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e7dead\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6d1ee7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6d1ee7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ade6b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ade6b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"text-2xl font-extrabold text-rms-blue mb-12 uppercase tracking-tight\">TYPICAL\u00a0<span class=\"text-rms-accent\" style=\"color: #0152d2;\">COMPONENTS<\/span> WE INVESTIGATE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abed252 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"abed252\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ec10c elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"f8ec10c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Pressure vessels &amp; piping components<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Heat exchangers &amp; boilers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Rotating equipment (turbines, compressors, pumps)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Storage tanks &amp; structural members<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Weldments &amp; fabricated parts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82467bd elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"82467bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Fasteners, bolts &amp; critical hardware<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Castings, forgings &amp; rolled products<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Coatings, linings &amp; claddings<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Concrete &amp; refractory materials<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Polymers &amp; composites<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baae785 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"baae785\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a329aa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a329aa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We examine components from a wide range of industries including oil &amp; gas, petrochemical, power generation, aerospace, transportation, mining and manufacturing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9de0860 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9de0860\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-690a6bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"690a6bc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d45aea elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d45aea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment1.jpg\" title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment1\" alt=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment1\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d51a43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d51a43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment2.jpg\" title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment2\" alt=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca4843 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eca4843\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-478d796 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"478d796\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-1024x203.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-945\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-1024x203.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-768x152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-1536x304.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-2048x405.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/foto-header-industry-metallurgy-sauer-compressors-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ed79a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9ed79a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f3d149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f3d149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"text-2xl font-extrabold text-rms-blue mb-12 uppercase tracking-tight\">OUR <span style=\"color: #0152d2;\">FAILURE ANAYLYSIS <\/span>APPROACH<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74cbba2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74cbba2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b479448 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b479448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cee955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0cee955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tensile-Test.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1103\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tensile-Test.png 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tensile-Test-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tensile-Test-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tensile-Test-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-543893f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"543893f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"font-headline-md text-headline-md text-primary mb-3\">Tensile<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ee79b elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"22ee79b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate documentation and evidence preservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Review of operational history, inspection records, and technical standards<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Identification of critical variables and risk factors<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-865f2cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"865f2cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/failure-analysis-and-life-assessment\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b06964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b06964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bending-test.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1104\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bending-test.png 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bending-test-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bending-test-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bending-test-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486e570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"486e570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-headline-md text-headline-md text-primary mb-3\">Bending<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75eb64 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e75eb64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate documentation and evidence preservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Review of operational history, inspection records, and technical standards<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Identification of critical variables and risk factors<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fb3a7a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0fb3a7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5453ab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5453ab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Fatigue-test.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1105\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Fatigue-test.png 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Fatigue-test-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Fatigue-test-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Fatigue-test-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4919fc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4919fc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"font-headline-md text-headline-md text-primary mb-3\">Fatigue<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5207fcc elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5207fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate documentation and evidence preservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Review of operational history, inspection records, and technical standards<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Identification of critical variables and risk factors<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5b50f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c5b50f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea320b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ea320b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Creep-Test.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1106\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Creep-Test.png 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Creep-Test-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Creep-Test-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Creep-Test-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ca1b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61ca1b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"font-headline-md text-headline-md text-primary mb-3\">Creep<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1524e64 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1524e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate documentation and evidence preservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Review of operational history, inspection records, and technical standards<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Identification of critical variables and risk factors<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a901a42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a901a42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bcea59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5bcea59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Impact-Test.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1107\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Impact-Test.png 1024w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Impact-Test-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Impact-Test-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Impact-Test-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b065dbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b065dbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"font-headline-md text-headline-md text-primary mb-3\">Impact Test<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e7200 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"50e7200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate documentation and evidence preservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Review of operational history, inspection records, and technical standards<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Identification of critical variables and risk factors<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-244e9d9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"244e9d9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd88538 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd88538\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"text-2xl font-extrabold text-rms-blue mb-12 uppercase tracking-tight\">ENGINEERING <span class=\"text-rms-accent\" style=\"color: #0152d2;\">CASE STUDIES<\/span>\u00a0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d706e7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4d706e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e881b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e881b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Detailed technical investigations and failure root cause analysis performed by RMS Lab Group across critical industrial sectors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-957273c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"957273c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9be6a66 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"9be6a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"163474022\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740221\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740221\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740221\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0oil and Gas\u00a0\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740222\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740222\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740222\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0Automotive Industries\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740223\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740223\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740223\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0Railway Industries\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740224\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740224\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740224\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0Materials selection\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740225\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740225\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740225\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0Life Assessment Larson\u2013Miller Method\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740226\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740226\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740226\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00a0Fitness for Service\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740221\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740221\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-f92d6f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f92d6f9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b376829 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"b376829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1880\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1880\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 1 : Investigation of the Causes of Failure of the BAC Compressor Impeller in the Air Separation Unit <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1880\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baad4a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"baad4a9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1880\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-676c091 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"676c091\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f529836 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"f529836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment6.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f529836\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50Ni5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJmNTI5ODM2In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment6-150x150.png\" data-width=\"150\" data-height=\"150\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment8.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f529836\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50OC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJmNTI5ODM2In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment8-150x150.jpg\" data-width=\"150\" data-height=\"150\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment9.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f529836\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment9\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50OS5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJmNTI5ODM2In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment9-150x150.png\" data-width=\"150\" data-height=\"150\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment10.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f529836\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment10\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZjUyOTgzNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment10-150x108.png\" data-width=\"150\" data-height=\"108\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment11.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f529836\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment11\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZjUyOTgzNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment11-150x150.png\" data-width=\"150\" data-height=\"150\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1880\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26c5340 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26c5340\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-386ca1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"386ca1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The failure surface of the impeller sample was studied in terms of failure symptoms, manner and rate of progression. The results of the studies showed that the failure first started at the braze connection of the blade to the shroud due to hydrogen embrittlement and as a result of the low-cycle fatigue mechanism, causing the blades to separate from the impeller plate. Then, the failure continued with the propagation of cracks in the radial direction and the thickness of the shroud, leading to the separation of a piece of the shroud. The low-cycle fatigue failure mechanism was associated with the number of on-off cycles or abnormal working conditions<\/p><p><b>Causes of failure: <\/b>The inadequate quality and insufficient thickness of the braze layer, as well as abnormal operating conditions, were determined to be the two primary causes of the failure observed in the impeller blades.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1881\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1881\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 2 : Investigation of the causes of the destruction of the 16\u201d Esfarayen NGL-3100 pipeline <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1881\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4092dda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4092dda\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1881\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-805d337 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"805d337\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb95cd6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"eb95cd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment14.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eb95cd6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment14\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTQucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZWI5NWNkNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment14-300x258.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"258\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment13.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eb95cd6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment13\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTMuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZWI5NWNkNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment13.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"280\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment12.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eb95cd6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment12\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTIuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZWI5NWNkNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment12-300x257.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"257\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment11-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eb95cd6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment11\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzgwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTEtMS5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlYjk1Y2Q2In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment11-1.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"280\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c472053 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c472053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The results of hardness and micro-hardness measurements indicate a high hardness in the crack initiation zone, making the steel susceptible to cracking due to the SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) mechanism.<\/p><p>The fracture morphology results indicate the occurrence of quasi-cleavage failure and the development of numerous microcracks in the circumferential direction and in the thickness direction, resulting in the occurrence of the Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) mechanism.<\/p><p><b>The main cause of failure: <\/b>the non-uniformity of the microstructure and hardness in the pipe at the crack location.<\/p><p>This non-uniformity, resulting from the increased residual stress area during welding, has caused the initiation and growth of an SSC crack from the area of a potential defect on the inner surface of the pipe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1882\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1882\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 3 : The failure analysis of heat exchanger tube <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1882\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4548358 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4548358\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1882\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df6dd66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df6dd66\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e79b4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"79e79b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment18.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"79e79b4\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment18\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzllNzliNCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment18-300x266.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"266\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment17.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"79e79b4\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment17\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTcuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzllNzliNCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment17-300x259.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"259\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment16.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"79e79b4\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment16\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTYuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzllNzliNCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment16-300x255.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"255\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment15.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"79e79b4\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment15\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTUucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzllNzliNCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment15-300x263.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"263\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fc89cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fc89cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cauliflower-like sediments were observed inside the holes. Also, in some places, residual effects of rod-shaped bacterial colonies were seen. On the surface around the initial deep hole, numerous shallow and fine pits were observed. EDS results from sediments in the destruction area showed that the presence of high sulfur, iron, and oxygen indicated the formation of oxide (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) and sulfide (FeS) compounds, as well as high iron oxide in the sediments around the destruction area, and the morphology of the sediments indicated corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and even iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB).<\/p><p><b>Results:<\/b> Based on studies conducted, Microbial corrosion (MIC) along with Pitting corrosion, caused by the presence of chlorine, are identified as the two main causes of pipe destruction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1883\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1883\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 4 : Failure Investigation of Tri-Cone Drill Bit 24\u201d KHD425GC' <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1883\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c5585 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17c5585\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1883\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baf3d3f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"baf3d3f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d2183 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"31d2183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment19.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"31d2183\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment19\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzkwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMzFkMjE4MyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment19-191x300.png\" data-width=\"191\" data-height=\"300\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment20.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"31d2183\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment20\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzkxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMzFkMjE4MyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment20.png\" data-width=\"287\" data-height=\"199\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment21.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"31d2183\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment21\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzkyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMzFkMjE4MyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment21.png\" data-width=\"276\" data-height=\"199\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment18.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"31d2183\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment18\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzg4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MTguanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMzFkMjE4MyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment18-281x300.jpg\" data-width=\"281\" data-height=\"300\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9faca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9faca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Correlation between fractography results and microstructural and hardness studies indicates\u00a0 that the initial crack propagation occurred in the weld zone exhibiting relatively high hardness.<\/p><p>Macroscopic and microscopic observations, including the presence of an additional weld pass (TIG dressing) and altered weld geometry, suggest elevated residual stress levels in the weld cap region due to welding. Based on the failure analysis, considering three main factors: environment (hydrogen ingress during welding and\/or drilling environment containing H\u2082S), susceptible steel, and sufficient stress level for failure, all three conditions necessary for crack initiation and propagation under hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism were met.<\/p><p><b>Results:<\/b> The weld geometry and the presence of an additional pass increased the level of residual stresses, thereby accelerating crack initiation under the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism at the weld surface, specifically at the interface between two passes.<\/p><p>Cracks propagated inside the weld through the mechanical fatigue mechanism, facilitating crack growth and final failure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1884\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1884\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 5 : Investigation of the causes of flange retaining bolt failure <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1884\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add271e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"add271e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1884\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-825c1f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"825c1f2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd40bbc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"dd40bbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment22.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dd40bbc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment22\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzkzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZGQ0MGJiYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment22-300x284.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"284\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment23.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dd40bbc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment23\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjMuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZGQ0MGJiYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment23-300x281.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"281\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment24.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dd40bbc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment24\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZGQ0MGJiYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment24.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"279\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment25.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"dd40bbc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment25\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjUucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZGQ0MGJiYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment25-300x274.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"274\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68ad079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68ad079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In structural studies, the distribution of chromium carbide particles at the grain boundaries was observed. Also, numerous lap defects were observed at the thread tip and thread wall of intact and broken screws.<\/p><p>The presence of grain boundary carbide particles can be related to the penetration of carbon into the structure or the lack of carbide solution heat treatment. According to the penetration calculations, the presence of chromium carbide particles is related to the high carbon element in the steel and the lack of solution heat treatment in the manufacturing process.<\/p><p><b>The cause of the failure: <\/b>The presence of sulfur, wet H2S, and H2 in the fluid has led to hydrogen charging in the steel and, as a result, hydrogen embrittlement of the steel.<\/p><p>The presence of a leak in the system and the contact of the corrosive fluid with bolts of poor quality in terms of microscopic structure (the sensitivity of the steel due to the presence of grain boundary carbides), which leads to hydrogen penetration and the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740222\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740222\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfc192f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfc192f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b610e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"4b610e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7900\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7900\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 1 : The failure analysis of an automotive valve spring <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7900\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-678a3ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"678a3ec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7900\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-055de8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"055de8c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09bf1fa elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"09bf1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment26.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"09bf1fa\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment26\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjYucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDliZjFmYSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment26.png\" data-width=\"298\" data-height=\"280\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment27.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"09bf1fa\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment27\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjcuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDliZjFmYSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment27.jpg\" data-width=\"280\" data-height=\"280\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment28.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"09bf1fa\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment28\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDliZjFmYSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment28.png\" data-width=\"298\" data-height=\"292\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment29.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"09bf1fa\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment29\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODAwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDliZjFmYSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment29.png\" data-width=\"280\" data-height=\"292\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4264387 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4264387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Structural studies indicate the presence of surface defects and microcracks in the spring and primary wire samples. Although the surface defects in the primary wire were shallow, the surface defects and microcracks progressed during the coiling process and reached a maximum depth of 37 \u00b5m in some areas. These microcracks lead to a reduction in the fatigue life of the spring.<\/p><p><b>The main cause of the failure<\/b>: surface defects and improper heat treatment of the primary wire, which, under cyclic loading, has caused an increase in stress concentration and the formation of fatigue cracks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7901\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7901\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 2 : Failure Analysis of a Tie Rod of an Automobile Steering System <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7901\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a1461 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21a1461\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7901\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa0b508 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fa0b508\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5228dc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"e5228dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment30.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e5228dc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment30\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODAyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTUyMjhkYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment30-300x214.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"214\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment29.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e5228dc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment29\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODAxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MjkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTUyMjhkYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment29.jpg\" data-width=\"240\" data-height=\"227\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment32.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e5228dc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment32\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODA1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTUyMjhkYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment32.png\" data-width=\"278\" data-height=\"268\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment31.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"e5228dc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment31\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODA2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZTUyMjhkYyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment31.png\" data-width=\"280\" data-height=\"268\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead2680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ead2680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The loss of tensile strength of both failed and intact tie rod samples is related to improper heat treatment of samples during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the visual inspection showed that the failure occurred at the first and second thread without any trace of bending in the thread part.<\/p><p>The fracture initiation zones indicates the absence of torsional stresses due to improper assembly of the sample. Microscopic studies indicate the presence of laps defects in the loaded flank threaded part of the tie rod with sizes close to and exceeding the standard limits.<\/p><p><b>The cause of the failure<\/b>: The presence of peripheral cracks on the edge of the fracture surface is caused by the presence of laps defects on the thread flank.<\/p><p>the small defects produced in the thread roots led to high stress concentrations that favored crack initiation and due to the loading of cyclical stresses and the low strength of steel, they have grown inward under the fatigue mechanism and finally led to fracture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7902\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7902\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 3 :\u00a0 Analysis of the Causes of Ball Joint Failure <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7902\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89593fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"89593fd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7902\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6673f4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6673f4a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b408005 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"b408005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment36.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b408005\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment36\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODA3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzYucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjQwODAwNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment36-300x267.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"267\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment33.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b408005\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment33\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODA4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzMucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjQwODAwNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment33.png\" data-width=\"296\" data-height=\"280\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment34.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b408005\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment34\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODA5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjQwODAwNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment34-300x259.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"259\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment35.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b408005\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment35\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODEwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzUucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjQwODAwNSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment35.png\" data-width=\"288\" data-height=\"287\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4956ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4956ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Microstructural studies revealed that the areas around the defect were decarburized to a depth of about 100 to 150 microns. The formation of a decarburized layer in the defect area indicates that the defect was present as a free surface at high temperature (during forging or austenitizing). The reason for the defect is considered to be related to the forging process, given the high number of defective parts and the uniformity of the defect location, as well as the absence of impurities in the samples examined. The formation of this defect can be due to the forging temperature, the rate of plastic deformation, and the quality of the mold used.<\/p><p><b>The results of the studies indicate: <\/b>the observed cracks were the product of thermal stresses and phase transformation stresses induced during the quenching process, which are directly related to the component\u2019s heat treatment conditions.<\/p><p>Undesirable heat treatment conditions, such as an excessively high austenitizing temperature and an overly rapid cooling rate, led to the formation of radial cracks in the component\u2019s stress concentration areas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740223\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740223\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e51af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64e51af\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15afbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d15afbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2190\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2190\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Investigation of the Causes of Counterweight Failure in the EMD645 Locomotive Engine Crankshaft <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2190\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9344516 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9344516\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2190\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fefe7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7fefe7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-649b677 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"649b677\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment37.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"649b677\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment37\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODExLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzcucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQ5YjY3NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment37-300x97.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"97\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment38.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"649b677\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment38\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODEyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQ5YjY3NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment38-300x130.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"130\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment39.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"649b677\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment39\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODEzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50MzkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQ5YjY3NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment39.png\" data-width=\"281\" data-height=\"227\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment40.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"649b677\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment40\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODE0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjQ5YjY3NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment40.png\" data-width=\"244\" data-height=\"227\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee8f1ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee8f1ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The weld structure at the fracture site consists of a ferrite matrix with grain boundary pearlite and a distribution of cementite particles. In the fracture initiation area, at the root of the weld, some amounts of acicular ferrite were also observed. The results of the fracture imaging studies showed that the fracture surface consists of two separate parts, Zone 1 is a steep and flat fracture and Zone 3 is an uneven fracture and is perpendicular to the counterweight seating location (Zone 2). The fracture first occurred at the steep and flat fracture surface (Zone 1), from the prominent area (Origin) observed at the weld root, in the contact area of \u200b\u200bthe counterweight seating on the pin, as a result of the low-cycle fatigue mechanism at a stress level equal to or higher than the yield strength of the steel and progressed in the circumferential direction of the weld line, with multiple nucleation from the weld root, and then in the transverse direction, by traveling the thickness of the weld, leading to the final fracture of the part<\/p><p><b>The cause of the failure<\/b>: Excessive root penetration (identified as a welding defect in the weld root area) and the large contact gap between the counterweight and the pin.<\/p><p>The incorrect weld root geometry, by creating a notch effect, and the excessive distance between the root faces of the welds on either side of the counterweight, resulted in the multiple nucleation of fatigue cracks under the cyclic stresses applied to the joint area.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740224\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740224\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec74bfb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec74bfb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc111d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc111d6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b596524 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b596524\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c33def elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c33def\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Materials selection process is characterization and optimization of engineering\u00a0 material properties.<\/p><p>In this process the proper material is selected according to defined criteria of working conditions and desired physical and mechanical properties, and then by optimizing production parameters, it is tried to obtain the most suitable properties with respect to performance, sensitivity as well as economic and the other features of sample.<\/p><p>Achieving this knowledge requires fully exploration of issue by means of mechanical and metallurgical approach on which high level of experience and recognition of the case study is most essential.<\/p><p>Materials characterization and selection department offers research services in the form of following patterns:<\/p><p>-Providing technical identity document for industrial components and engineering materials in the form of reverse engineering projects.<\/p><p>-Consultation in selection of materials and introduction of engineering materials in order to achieve particular purpose of clients.<\/p><p>-Undertaking projects for specifying the manufacturing method and heat treatment cycle.<\/p><p>-Performing projects on selection of materials in order to substitution of the most suitable material for components and equipment with respect to working condition, desirable metallurgical properties, and limitation to procurement of the material.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201facd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"201facd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3360\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3360\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 1 : Investigation of the Failure Causes of Segments, Related to the Briquetting Process <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3360\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436e10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"436e10c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3360\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0683a6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0683a6d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4064db7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"4064db7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment41.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4064db7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment41\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODcxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDA2NGRiNyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment41-300x264.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"264\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment42.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4064db7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment42\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODcyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDA2NGRiNyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment42-300x263.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"263\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment43.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4064db7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment43\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODczLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDMuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDA2NGRiNyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment43-300x222.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"222\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment44.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4064db7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment44\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDQucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDA2NGRiNyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment44-300x221.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"221\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb1cc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cb1cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The surface hardening and matrix hardness of segments were insufficient to withstand the stresses applied to the mold due to improper heat treatment. Consequently, they underwent plastic deformation under operation due to wear and impact.<\/p><p>Therefore, improper heat treatment is the primary cause of failure for segments. It should be noted that continuous primary carbides reaching the surface reduce fatigue strength; thus, a uniform distribution of discrete primary carbides in all regions, especially on the mold surfaces, is necessary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3361\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3361\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Metallurgical evaluation of two origin and manufactured shafts and investigation of the causes of failure of the domestically manufactured feed pump shaft <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3361\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d4a56e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d4a56e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3361\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-678d3b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"678d3b2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66130b1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"66130b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment45.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"66130b1\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment45\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDUuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjYxMzBiMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment45-300x149.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"149\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment46.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"66130b1\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment46\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDYucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjYxMzBiMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment46-300x145.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"145\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment47.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"66130b1\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment47\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDcucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjYxMzBiMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment47-300x238.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"238\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment48.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"66130b1\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment48\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNjYxMzBiMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment48-300x238.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"238\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2306765 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2306765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Based on the performed tests, the properties of none of the examined shafts comply with the standard. The high strength and hardness of both shafts indicate a tempering temperature lower than that recommended by the standard. This temperature is estimated to be around 540-600\u2103 for the domestically manufactured shaft and around 500-550\u2103 for the reference shaft. The increase in strength and hardness, along with the decrease in ductility and impact energy, in the reference shaft confirms its lower tempering temperature. Increasing the tempering temperature has resulted in a relative improvement in the ductility and fracture toughness of the domestically manufactured shaft.<\/p><p><b>Our Integrated Engineering Approach<\/b><\/p><p>Since substantial amount of money is invested in both industrial equipment and replacement of components before retirement or failure, it is absolutely vital to prevent possible damage. On the other hand, if the lifetime has not been assessed correctly, it can cause early replacement, and therefore additional costs.<\/p><p>The aim of life assessment is not expanding life span, but maximizing reliable lifetime which can be longer than that for designed one.<\/p><ul><li>Creep life estimation models<\/li><li>Metallurgical damage assessment<\/li><li>Fitness-for-Service (FFS)<\/li><li>International standards: BS 7910 \/ API 579<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740225\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740225\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ee55bb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ee55bb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b2d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"60b2d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 1 : Metallurgical evaluation and remaining life estimate for H-305 furnace tube <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe511a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fe511a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1010\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5093bf3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5093bf3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5109b11 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"5109b11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment49.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5109b11\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment49\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODc5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NDkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNTEwOWIxMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment49-300x127.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"127\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment50.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5109b11\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment50\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODgwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNTEwOWIxMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment50-300x209.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"209\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment51.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5109b11\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment51\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODgxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNTEwOWIxMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment51-300x212.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"212\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment52.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5109b11\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment52\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODgyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNTEwOWIxMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment52.png\" data-width=\"246\" data-height=\"234\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment53.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5109b11\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment53\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODgzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTMucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNTEwOWIxMSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment53.png\" data-width=\"229\" data-height=\"234\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d00358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d00358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>The degradation mechanisms include: <\/b><\/p><p>-Spheroidization and growth of carbides,<\/p><p>-Carburization of the internal and external surfaces<\/p><p>-Oxidation and the thickness reduction<\/p><p>By correlating the hot tensile test results with the <b>Larson-Miller curve <\/b>for T91 steel and comparing them with the results from the creep rupture test, and assuming a constant operating temperature of approximately 543\u00b0C, the continued operation of the submitted tube is feasible.<\/p><p>Based on the Larson-Miller criterion, no significant drop in the tube\u2019s service life has occurred, and an extension of its service life is possible.<\/p><p>Therefore, extending the tube\u2019s service life for a period of <b>4 years <\/b>is feasible, assuming a constant performance trend within the declared operating conditions, and assuming similar conditions for corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation, which would result in a thickness reduction of 1.25\u00a0\u00a0mm during this period.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 2 : Evaluation of the remaining life of the 3.5-inch P5 tube related to the H-702 furnace <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b2c1dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b2c1dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1011\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e762e41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e762e41\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a16ea4e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"a16ea4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment54.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a16ea4e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment54\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTE2ZWE0ZSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment54-300x89.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"89\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment55.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a16ea4e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment55\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTUucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTE2ZWE0ZSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment55-300x178.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"178\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment56.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a16ea4e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment56\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTYucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTE2ZWE0ZSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment56.png\" data-width=\"231\" data-height=\"229\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment57.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a16ea4e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment57\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTcucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTE2ZWE0ZSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment57.png\" data-width=\"249\" data-height=\"229\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e278405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e278405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following issues are considered in estimating the remaining life based on the microscopic structure:<\/p><p>A- Carbide particle density<br \/>B- Carbide particle growth in the ferrite matrix and at grain boundaries<br \/>D- Formation of creep cavities<\/p><p>Considering the loss of pipe flexibility and the rate of thickness reduction (no local thickness reduction observed in the pipe), it will be possible to extend the service life of the pipe until the end of a repair and maintenance program (<b>4-year period<\/b>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case Study 3 : Evaluation of the remaining life of the 3.5-inch A106 tube related to the H-702 furnace <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f835809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f835809\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1012\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99bdd6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99bdd6d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-452c957 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"452c957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment58.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"452c957\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment58\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTguanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDUyYzk1NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment58-300x89.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"89\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment59.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"452c957\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment59\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NTkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDUyYzk1NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment59.png\" data-width=\"217\" data-height=\"239\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment60.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"452c957\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment60\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODkwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDUyYzk1NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment60-300x266.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"266\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment61.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"452c957\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment61\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODkxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDUyYzk1NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment61.png\" data-width=\"240\" data-height=\"222\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment62.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"452c957\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment62\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODkyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNDUyYzk1NyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment62.png\" data-width=\"252\" data-height=\"235\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d79617 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d79617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The following issues have been addressed in estimating the remaining life based on the microscopic structure:<\/p><p>A- Pearlite spheroidization<br \/>B- Particle growth in the ferrite matrix and at grain boundaries<br \/>C- Increase in the denuded zone width<br \/>D- Formation of creep cavities<\/p><p>Therefore, if operation continues at operating temperature and pressure conditions and considering the same corrosion rate during continued operation (controlling the amount of sulfur in the fluid composition), it is possible to extend the life of the pipe up to a period of <b>four years<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1634740226\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1634740226\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f50773 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f50773\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80fe75a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"80fe75a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bb4eb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"0bb4eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1220\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1220\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case study 1\u2013 API 579-1-FFS , part 11(Level 1 Assessment) : \u00a0Feasibility study of continued operation of 6-inch WPB elbow exposed to fire related to Isomax unit equipment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1220\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac59a13 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac59a13\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1220\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82c8de0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82c8de0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d37371 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"4d37371\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment63.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4d37371\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment63\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODkzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjMucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNGQzNzM3MSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment63-300x236.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"236\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment64.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4d37371\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment64\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODk0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjQucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNGQzNzM3MSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment64-300x254.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"254\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b777413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b777413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Based on visual inspection and studies conducted, deposits with predominantly black and dark orange colors were observed on the external surface of the elbow sample.<\/p><p>According to Table 11.8, API Standard 579-1 (2021), the formation of this type of deposit usually occurs in the temperature range of <b>540\u00b0C-870\u00b0C.<\/b><\/p><p>In Level 1 Assessment, Microstructure degradation effects were observed on the external surface of the elbow, but it was not accompanied by mechanical degradation.<\/p><p>Accordingly, it is possible to return the part to service conditions. However, considering the reduction in thickness of the elbow during 30 years of operation and the calculated corrosion rate, it is recommended that the remaining life estimation steps be carried out taking into account the design calculations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1221\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1221\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case study 2\u2013 API 579- FFS Assessment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1221\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c9c3dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c9c3dd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1221\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105630d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"105630d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd40563 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd40563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Identification of damage mechanism and remaining life assessment for the tubes of Furnace H-107<\/p><p>Calculations for the minimum required wall thickness based on <b>API 579-Part 5 <\/b>and <b>API 530 <\/b>standards were performed.<\/p><p>Considering the Corrosion Allowance \u03b4CA and the corrosion rate, the minimum required thickness for the tube was calculated to be 1.52 mm.<\/p><p>If the operation continues under the same temperature and pressure conditions and assuming a similar corrosion rate (with no change in H\u2082S concentration and fluid composition), the service life of the tube can be extended for an additional <b>four-year period<\/b>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1221\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12720c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12720c8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81e155a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"81e155a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment65.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-895\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment65.jpg 444w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment65-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment65-18x6.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8f9ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc8f9ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table width=\"231\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Service life<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>10 years<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Nominal Diameter<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>5\u201d SCH 80<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Material<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>ASTM A 106 Grade B<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Fluid<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>Natural gas (Methane, CO2, H2S, N, H2O)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Corrosion Allowance<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>3 mm<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Design Temperature<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>360 \u00b0C<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"80\"><p><b>Design Pressure<\/b><\/p><\/td><td width=\"151\"><p>8.19 MPa<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1222\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1222\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case study 3\u2013 API 579- FFS Assessment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1222\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a60c3c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a60c3c9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1222\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e4234 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65e4234\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1f5e5b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"c1f5e5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment67.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c1f5e5b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment67\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODk4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjcucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzFmNWU1YiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment67.png\" data-width=\"241\" data-height=\"226\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment68.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c1f5e5b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment68\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODk5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzFmNWU1YiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment68.png\" data-width=\"270\" data-height=\"226\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment69.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c1f5e5b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment69\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTAwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzFmNWU1YiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment69.png\" data-width=\"241\" data-height=\"223\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment70.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c1f5e5b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment70\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTAxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzFmNWU1YiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment70.png\" data-width=\"270\" data-height=\"221\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment66.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"c1f5e5b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment66\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODk2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NjYuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYzFmNWU1YiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment66-300x129.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"129\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a244c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a244c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metallurgical investigation and estimation of remaining life of P9 Radiant tube<\/p><p>According to the observation of sulfidation traces on the internal surface, based on the <b>Couper-Gorman diagram<\/b>, at a working temperature of 480 \u00b0C (896F), depending on the change in the H2S content from 0.03-0.05 mol%, the steel corrosion rate is about 45-55 mils per year (equivalent to 1.14-1.4 mm per year).<\/p><p>In the calculations to estimate the life, due to the lack of access to the initial thickness of the pipe and taking into account the thickness of the oxide layer on both the internal and external surfaces, as well as the thickness of the sulfidation layer, the <b>Hoop stress <\/b>for the pipe was calculated:<\/p><p>By extending the service life of the pipe for 12 years and assuming a constant operating trend within the declared conditions and assuming similar corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation conditions, resulting in a total thickness reduction of 0.8 mm during this period, the <b>Hoop<\/b> and <b>Von Misses stress levels <\/b>are calculated to be 15.10 MPa and 13.08 MPa, respectively, which is much lower than the stress required for rupture.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-897 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/192.168.0.41\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/formula.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/formula.png 216w, https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/formula-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1223\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1223\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case study 4\u2013 BS 7910-FFS Assessment  Estimation of the remaining life of the fifth row blades of the low pressure unit of the steam turbine <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1223\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dda77ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dda77ad\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1223\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8960c5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8960c5c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f3e74 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"a2f3e74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment71.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a2f3e74\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment71\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTAyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTJmM2U3NCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment71-300x149.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"149\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment72.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a2f3e74\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment72\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTAzLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzIucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTJmM2U3NCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment72-300x132.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"132\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment73.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a2f3e74\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment73\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzMucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTJmM2U3NCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment73-300x154.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"154\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment74.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a2f3e74\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment74\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzQucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTJmM2U3NCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment74-300x162.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"162\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fdcecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fdcecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This type of failure can be categorized into 5 steps:<\/p><p>Step 1- Corrosion pit nucleation<br \/>Step 2- Pit growth<br \/>Step 3- Fatigue crack nucleation from pits<br \/>Step 4- Small fatigue crack growth<br \/>Step 5- Large fatigue crack growth<br \/>Step 6- Final failure<\/p><p>Calculations of life estimation based on fatigue crack growth:<\/p><p>If the crack length of the blade growth threshold is assumed to be 2052 mm, then cracks of 202 mm in length are in the growth stage.<\/p><p>Thus, the number of cycles required for the growth of these cracks was calculated based on the BS 7910 (2013) A1 (2015) standard. Here, it was assumed that a crack with dimensions a=0.25 mm and 2c=0.35 mm grows until failure.<\/p><p>According to this standard, the crack growth rate is defined using the Paris equation.<\/p><p>In this equation, da\/dN, the crack growth rate, \u0394K, the stress intensity and the constants m and A were defined using the references as 2.95\u00d710-9 and 2.4, respectively<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1223\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ef1235 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ef1235\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7347c5d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"7347c5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment75.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7347c5d\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment75\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzUucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzM0N2M1ZCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment75.png\" data-width=\"267\" data-height=\"291\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment76.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7347c5d\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment76\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA3LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzYucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzM0N2M1ZCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment76.png\" data-width=\"262\" data-height=\"286\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment77.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7347c5d\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment77\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA4LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzcucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzM0N2M1ZCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment77.png\" data-width=\"262\" data-height=\"287\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment78.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7347c5d\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment78\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTA5LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzgucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNzM0N2M1ZCJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment78.png\" data-width=\"262\" data-height=\"287\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cabc4c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cabc4c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the results obtained from the tests, the remaining life of the fifth row blades of the steam turbine was estimated based on the <b>corrosion-fatigue<\/b> mechanism, taking into account the thickness reduction.<\/p><p>Using the results obtained from the calculations based on the <b>BS 7910 standard<\/b>, the linear fracture mechanics method and the accumulation of fatigue defects, the remaining life of the mentioned blades has ended and their continued service will be accompanied by a lot of risk.<\/p><p>In other words, due to the metallurgical conditions and fatigue properties of the blades, it is not possible to reuse them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1224\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1224\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Case study 5-Simulation Using Abaqus <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1224\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0556119 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0556119\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1224\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89faaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b89faaa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5cf6bf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"b5cf6bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment79.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b5cf6bf\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment79\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTEwLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50NzkucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjVjZjZiZiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment79-300x156.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"156\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment80.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b5cf6bf\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment80\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTExLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50ODAucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjVjZjZiZiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment80-300x160.png\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"160\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment81.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b5cf6bf\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Failure Analysis &amp; Life Assessment81\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTEyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcm1zLWxhYmdyb3VwLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDZcL0ZhaWx1cmUtQW5hbHlzaXMtTGlmZS1Bc3Nlc3NtZW50ODEucG5nIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjVjZjZiZiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Failure-Analysis-Life-Assessment81.png\" data-width=\"296\" data-height=\"265\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67acc2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67acc2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Case study 5-Simulation Using <\/b><b>Abaqus<\/b><\/p><p>The results of temperature variation and stress distribution for both start-up and shut-down conditions of steam turbine rotor.<\/p><p>In this study, a Coupled Temperature\u2013Displacement (Transient) analysis procedure was employed to achieve the objective of the simulation.<\/p><p>The initial temperature of the entire component was assumed to be 25 \u00b0C.<\/p><p>The simulation was performed in two analysis steps:<\/p><p>Start-up phase: The temperature was increased from 25 \u00b0C to 400 \u00b0C over a period of 4 hours.<\/p><p>Shut-down phase: The process was modeled in reverse, with the temperature decreasing from 400 \u00b0C back to 25 \u00b0C over the same duration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a172b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51a172b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Remaining life assessment of equipment and parts which are constantly degrading in working condition as well as determining technically proper condition and ensuring safety of staff are all the matters with crucial importance in various industries.<\/p><p>Fitness for service (FFS) is the effective method for optimizing the conservation and implementing the required measures in order to improve long-term economic performance of industrial equipment such as pressure vessels, tubes and storage tanks.<\/p><p>-Corrosion assessment<\/p><p>-Nondestructive tests<\/p><p>-Finite element analysis for assessment of component<\/p><p>-Consultancy service with precautionary approach in order to prevent failure<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Failure Analysis and Life Assessment RMS provides comprehensive failure analysis, root cause determination and remaining life assessment for critical components and materials. Our multidisciplinary approach combines advanced testing, metallurgical expertise and engineering evaluation to deliver actionable solutions. TYPICAL\u00a0COMPONENTS WE INVESTIGATE Pressure vessels &amp; piping components Heat exchangers &amp; boilers Rotating equipment (turbines, compressors, pumps) Storage [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-375","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=375"}],"version-history":[{"count":118,"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1113,"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/375\/revisions\/1113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rms-labgroup.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}